However, over the centuries a few individual texts began to emerge that featured illustrations of Mecca and the Holy Ka’ba as visual guides and representations of the historical sites. One such text, and the most popular of these, is a prayer book by the Muslim Saint of Marrakesh Muhammad ibn Suleyman al-Jazuli (d. 1465) entitled Dala’il al-Khayrat.

The other known prayerbook to feature illustrations of Mecca is the Anam’i Sharif, an adaptation of Jazuli’s text that includes many additional illustrations that commonly relate to the Prophet Muhammad and items of eschatological relevance. We have an abridged miniature adaptation of this Sunni prayerbook in concertina form, probably used for its talismanic properties.

In print, the first authentic record of an Englishman describing the Hajj was provided by Joseph Pitts. The first illustrated edition of his Faithful account of the religion and manners of the Mahometans was printed in 1731 and includes an aerial view of Mecca.

From the more obscure realm of Mecca-related publications, we have La Moschea della Mecca, which is an article published in the Periodico Bimestrale in Turin 1873-74 that includes a detailed history of the area and provides details known historical accounts from the region. Illustrated here is a large folding reproduction of a tile design depicting the topographical layout and design of Mecca.

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